Arabization

Arabization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Arabization Standard Levels - Applications ... with respect to Arabization. ... The Application Arabization Maintainer should be responsible for testing the ...
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I neither like nor dislike Arabization. ... Arabization and Islamization (for lack of a better word) are closely linked. ... does not apply to Arabization. ...
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Arabization - Wiktionary
Arabization (plural Arabizations) that which has been Arabized. the ... Retrieved from "http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Arabization" Category: English nouns ...
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Arabization describes a growing cultural influence on a non-Arab area that gradually changes into one that speaks Arabic language and/or incorporates Arab culture. It was most prominently achieved during the 7th century Muslim conquests which spread Arabic language, culture and religion to the lands they conquered. The result, some elements of Arab origin combined in various forms and degrees with elements taken from conquered civilizations.

Pre-Islamic Arabization It should be noted that the Muslims were not the first Semitic peoples who migrated out of the peninsula (see: Aramaeans, Canaanites , Akkadians who branched into the Northern Semitic civilizations Assyrians, Phoenicians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Amorites ) part of Qahtan the origin of the Arabs. However, pre Islamic Modern Arabic script groups are mainly the Ghassanids, Nabataeans, while the Kindites used the South Arabian Musnad Script.

Post-Islamic Arabization Early Islamic Arabization Syria/Iraq 7th century After Islam the Arab tribes unified under the banner of Islam and flooded into Byzantine Syria and Sassanid Assyria (Persian province) and Mesopotamia, within few years the major garrison towns developed into the major cities. The local Aramaic speaking population which shared a very close Semitic linguistic/genetic ancestry with the Qahtani and Adnani Muslims and were quickly Arabized, although Neo-Aramaic speaking minorities persist to the present day.

North Africa and Iberia 7th century Neither North Africa nor the Iberian Peninsula were strangers to Semitic culture, the Phoenicians and later the Carthaginians dominated the North African and Iberian shores for more than 8 centuries until they were suppressed by the Ancient Rome and the following Vandal and Visigothic invasion. In the Inland the Nomadic Berbers allied themselves with the Arab muslims and joined them in invading Spain, during this period the Arab tribes mainly settled the old Phoenicia/Carthaginian towns while the Berbers remained the dominant group inland. The Inland North Africa remained partly Arabized until the 11th century. The Iberian Peninsula, on the other hand, remained Arabized, particularly in the south, until the XVI century.

Medieval Arabization Banu Hilal in North Africa 1046Ad The Banu Hilal, an Arabian tribal confedaration organized by the Fatimids in Egypt, struck first in Libya reducing the Zenata berbers (a berber clan that claimed Yemeni ancestry from pre-Islamic periods) to the small coastal towns and Arabizing the Sanhaja berber confederation. The Banu Hilal eventually Settled modern (Morocco and Algeria) and subdued Arabized the Sanhaja by the time of Ibn Khaldun.

Banu Sulaym in North Africa 1049Ad The Banu Sulaym another Bedouin tribal confederation from Nejd followed through the trials of Banu Hilal and helped them defeat the Zirids in the Battle of Gabis 1052Ad, and finally taking Kairuan in 1057Ad. The Banu Sulaym mainly settled and completely Arabized Libya.

Banu Kanz Nubia/Sudan 11th-14th century A Branch of the Rabi'ah tribe settled Southern Egypt and slowly Arabized the Makurian kingdom in modern Sudan until 1315Ad when the Banu Kanz inherited the kingdom of Makuria and paved the way for the Arabization of the Sudan, that was completed by the arrival of the Jaali and Juhayna Arab tribes.

Repopulating Crusade-struck towns 12th century After the defeat of the Crusades. The Ayyubids repopulated the reconquered towns with Arabs mainly from their Southern provinces of what is today Yemen and Asir in modern Saudi Arabia.

Banu Hassan Mauritania 1644-1674AD The Banu Ma'qil is a Yemeni nomadic tribe that settled in Tunisia in the 13th century. The Banu Hassan a Maqil branch moved into the Sanhaja region in whats today the Western Sahara and Mauritania, they fought a thirty years war on the side of the Lamtuna Arabized Berbers who claimed Himyarite ancestry (from the early Islamic invasions) defeating the Sanhaja berbers and Arabizing Mauritania.

In general After the rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, Arab culture and language spread through trade with African states, conquest, and intermarriage of the local population with the Arabs.

Countries and territories that are traditionally thought to have gone through Arabization include Spain and Portugal (until 1492), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Iraq and the Sudan. Also, though Yemen is traditionally held to be the homeland of Arabs, mostNebes, Norbert, "Epigraphic South Arabian," in von Uhlig, Siegbert, Encyclopaedia Aethiopica (Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005), pps.335. of the population did not speak Arabic (but instead South Semitic languages) prior to the spread of Islam.The peninsular Arabic language became common among these areas; dialects also formed. Today, an Arab from the Levant finds the Arabic of a North African almost incomprehensible. Modern Standard Arabic functions as something of a dachsprache, allowing speakers of disparate dialects to communicate.

The influence of Arabic has also been profound in many other countries whose cultures have been influenced by Islam. Arabic is a major source of vocabulary for languages as diverse as Spanish language, Berber languages, Kurdish language, Persian language, Somali language, Swahili language, Urdu, spoken Hindi, Turkish language, Malay language, and Indonesian language, as well as other languages in countries where these languages are spoken. For example the Arabic word for book /kita:b/ is used in all the languages listed, apart from Malay and Indonesian (where it specifically means "religious book") and Spanish (which uses the Latin-derived "libro").

Cultural context The term "Arabised-Arabs" has historically been used to signify Arabs who are descendants of Adnan, the son of Ishmael and grandson of Abraham.

Modern times Iraq In part of the Al-Anfal Campaign, Saddam Hussein's Iraqi Ba'athist regime drove hundreds of thousands of Kurdish people, Assyrian people,http://hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/ANFAL11.htmhttp://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LC19930914036http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmintdev/444/444ap06.htm and Iraqi Turkmenhttp://www.puk.org/web/htm/news/knwsline/nws/16nov02.html families out of their homes in Kirkuk after a Kurdish revolt, and gave their homes to Arab-speaking oil field workers as well as to other non-Kurdish people whom Saddam moved from southern Iraq to the city. This violent campaign of Arabization was an attempt to transform the historically multi-ethnic city of Kirkuk into an Arab city. Kurdish families were left with no homes after being evicted forcefully by Saddam's Iraqi soldiers, and therefore had to migrate to refugee camps. After the fall of Saddam's regime, many Kurdish families came back to Kirkuk.

Sudan In Sudan, the majority of citizens are blacks of various faiths who do not self-identify as Arab. In 1983, the Muslim, Arabized Government of Sudan, which came to power in a military coup, imposed sharia law upon the largely Christian South. The result was a civil war that raged for 21 years. In other parts of the country, the Nuba for years have been subjected to an aggressive government campaign of Arabization. The government systematically has uprooted many from their lands, and by 2001, forcibly had removed 60,000 Nuba children from their parents to so-called "peace camps" to be Arabized.

The mostly Muslim Nubians in the North face imminent displacement from their lands as the regime of Sudanese president Omar Hassan al-Bashir completes the last of three dams along the Nile. Opponents of the dam charge that the government already has sold the land to Egyptian and other Arab interests in the wake of the signing between Egypt and Sudan of the Four Freedoms Agreement in 2004, giving Egyptian nationals the right freely to travel, live, work and own land in Sudan.

In the West, Janjaweed militia, who self-identify as Arab, have been in conflict with the sedentary, largely Muslim populations of the Darfur region, who do not. The Janjaweed widely are thought to be armed and supported by the Arab government, and there is some evidence of on-the-ground involvement of Sudanese military in the Janjaweed's genocide campaign against Darfurians. The Sudanese government, while it has admitted to bombing "rebel" villages, has denied any collusion with Janjaweed. To date, at least 200,000 persons have been killed in the conflict, with some estimates as high as 400,000, and 2.5 million displaced.

See also

References

Arabization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arabization (Arabic: تعريب Taʿrīb) describes a growing cultural influence on a non-Arab area that gradually changes into one that speaks Arabic and/or incorporates Arab ...

Arabization - definition of Arabization by the Free Online Dictionary ...
Ar·ab·ize (r-b z) tr.v. Ar·ab·ized, Ar·ab·iz·ing, Ar·ab·iz·es. 1. To make Arabic in form, style, or character. 2. To bring under Arab influence or control.

www.arabization.org
Domain Default page. This is default page for arabization.org domain. If you see this page, it means that you have set up your web server for serving a new site, but the site ...

Arabization | The Baheyeldin Dynasty
This collection of articles discusses the background, history, techniques, technology and issues involved in bringing the Arabic language to the internet.

Arabization -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Arabization:Algeria’s official policy of “Arabization” since independence, which aims to promote indigenous Arabic and Islamic ...

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Kirkuk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Meanwhile, the Iraqi government resettled Arab families in their place in an attempt to reduce the political power and presence of ethnic minorities, a process known as Arabization ...

Arabization | The Baheyeldin Dynasty
Background. People who speak Arabic as a first language were about 181 million in 1997 (according to Times 1997 article), making it the Fifth language in the world.

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